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Sunday, 25 February 2018

Smileband health topics

Gonorrhea is caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae. It is the second most commonly reported infectious disease in Arizona and the United States.

Over the last five years, counts and rates of reported gonococcal infections have significantly increased in the state of Arizona. The number of reported infections increased 133.5% from 3,249 in 2010 to 7,585 in 2014.

Transmission

Gonorrhea is transmitted through sexual contact with the penis, vagina, mouth, or anus of an infected partner. Ejaculation does not have to occur for gonorrhea to be transmitted or acquired. Gonorrhea can also be spread perinatally from mother to baby during childbirth.

Lab Tests & Specimen Info

Test*	Specimen
PCR	Genital Swab, Urine
IgG/IgM Serology	Serum, Whole Blood
Culture	Genital Swab, Urine
Gram Stain	Genital Swab

Isolation Precautions

Infected individuals should be advised to refrain from sexual activity for at least 7 days after being fully treated.

Standard precautions are recommended in healthcare settings.

Prevention for Patients
There are several ways to prevent sexually transmitted infection:

Condoms
Monogamous relationships
Abstinence

Expedited partner therapy (EPT) is an available option in Arizona in order to treat partners.

Pregnant females should be screened during prenatal care.

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Smileband health topics

Hepatitis A is a liver infection caused by the Hepatitis A virus (HAV). Hepatitis A is highly contagious. Adults are more likely to have symptoms than children. Infections range from asymptomatic to disabling illness that may last several months but are seldom fatal and not chronic.

Symptoms may include:

fever
malaise
anorexia
nausea
abdominal discomfort
diarrhea

Jaundice, dark urine and clay-colored stool may also occur.

Individuals are most infectious 1 to 2 weeks before onset of jaundice or elevation of liver enzymes.

The number of reported cases of hepatitis A in Arizona has been decreasing over the past 10 years.

Arizona 5 year median: 72 cases

Transmission
Direct and indirect person-to-person spread via the fecal-oral route. Rarely, blood-borne transmission can occur during the viremic phase of the disease.

The incubation period can range from 15 to 50 days (average of 25-30 days).

Lab Tests & Specimen Info

Test*	Specimen
IgM Serology (IgM antibody develops 1 week after symptom onset and peaks approximately in 3 months and is usually gone after 6 months)	Serum

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Saturday, 24 February 2018

Smileband general news

A 46-year-old man has been arrested on suspicion of being a member of banned far-right group National Action. Counter-terror officers raided a property in Lincoln early on Friday and detained the man on suspicion of membership of a proscribed organisation and malicious communications.

He remains in police custody for questioning and inquiries are ongoing. Detective Chief Superintendent Dominic Scally, head of counter terrorism policing for the North West, said: 'Today's arrest forms part of a wider operation into the activities of a proscribed organisation.

'The man remains in custody to be questioned by specialist officers and our investigation continues.

'Those involved in proscribed organisations have a detrimental effect on the communities others work so hard to build, so it is essential people contact us with information so we can put a stop to those who support extremist ideologies.

'Any information that people have can be dealt with in the strictest of confidence by calling the police on 0800 789 321.

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Friday, 23 February 2018

Smileband general news

Jamaica to become a U.S territory – Andrew Holness hints

The Prime Minister of Jamaica, Andrew Holness, has told the media that the Jamaica is on the verge of becoming a territory of the United States.

According to Andrew Holness, Jamaica would be joining Puerto Rico, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and American Samoa to become permanently inhabited territory of the United States.

“This has been a request on the table for quite sometime. Trump administration has made it very favorable for us.” – The PM said.

“Jamaican envoy are expected to be in the U.S soon to append signatures on documents” – he added.

As a territory of the United States, Jamaica would become a sub-national administrative division directly overseen by the United States federal government.

Despite being overseen by the United States, Jamaica would have an organized government through an Organic Act passed by the U.S. Congress.

The country will also have local voting rights and protections under U.S. courts, pay some U.S. taxes, and have limited representation in the U.S. House of Representatives. Jamaicans will elect “Members of Congress” who, like the delegate from Washington, D.C., “possess the same powers as other members of the House, except that they may not vote when the House is meeting as the House of Representatives.”

As a member of the U.S territories, Jamaica automatically becomes part of the U.S and as such would not require visas when traveling to the U.S.

Andrew Holness hinted that, plans are far advanced for Jamaica to be recognized as a U.S territory.

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Thursday, 22 February 2018

Smileband health topics

A teenage boy has claimed to have laid 20 eggs in the past two years, completely baffling doctors.

Akmal, 14, from Gowa in Indonesia says he has been regularly laying eggs since 2016. When cracked open Akmal's father claims the eggs laid by his son appear to be either all yolk or all white.

The 14-year-old has been repeatedly hospitalised for his condition, and recently laid two eggs in front of doctors.

His father Rusli said: 'In two years he laid 18 eggs and two today, so in total there have been 20. I cracked the first egg and its content was all yellow, no white.'

But doctors are baffled by his condition, saying its 'impossible' for eggs to form inside the human body, the Daily star reported.

A spokesperson from the hospital said: 'Our suspicion is that the eggs were deliberately shoved into Akmal's rectum. But we did not see it directly.

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Smileband general news

A police officer and a former Russian diplomatic official are among those arrested after authorities seized a large cocaine shipment at the Russian embassy in Buenos Aires. Security Minister Patricia Bullrich said that 860 pounds (389 kilograms) of the drug were hidden inside diplomatic luggage.

The investigation began after Victor Koronelli, the Russian ambassador to the South American country, and three members of the Russian federal security service, reported to Bullrich that they had suspicions about the luggage found at a school annex of the embassy. Once authorities confirmed that there were drugs inside the 16 pieces of luggage, they devised a plan to catch the criminals.

They swapped cocaine for flour and placed a GPS to track the luggage and the luggage was flown to Russia in 2017.

Bullrich said three Argentine customs officials traveled to Russia to monitor the delivery, and that Ishtimir Khudzhmov and Vladimir Kalmykov, were arrested when they went to pick up the cargo.

A suspect, who Bullrich only referred to as 'K,' was in charge of buying the drug, and introducing it to the embassy in Argentina. He is still at large in Germany and is wanted under an international arrest warrant.

The logistics were also coordinated by former embassy official Ali Abyanov, who was arrested in his Moscow apartment.

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Smileband health topics

Nocardiosis is a bacterial infection caused by Nocardia. The bacteria is most commonly found in soil and water. Symptoms of nocardiosis depend on where the infection occurs. Infections most commonly occur in the lungs and symptoms include fever, weight loss, night sweats, cough, chest pain and pneumonia. When the lungs are infected the infection can spread to the brain and cause headaches, weakness, confusion and seizures.

Generally individuals with weakened immune systems are at higher risk for infection.

Transmission

Transmission occurs when an individual inhales the bacteria or the bacteria gets into an open wound or cut. Tranmission has also occurred during surgical procedures.

Incubation period is unknown.

Lab Tests & Specimen Info

Test*	Specimen
Culture	Tissue, Sputum
Susceptibility testing	Isolate

Isolation Precautions

Standard precautions are recommended in healthcare settings.

Prevention for Patients
There are no specific prevention methods since the bacteria is naturally occurring in water and soil.

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Smileband health topics

Prince harry and Meghan markel were at the centre of an anthrax scare after a suspicious white powder was found in a letter sent to their Kensington Palace home. The letter - which was addressed to both Harry and Meghan - prompted a terror alert after it was received at the Palace where the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge and their children also live.

The package was intercepted by staff at the Palace and it did not reach Harry or Meghan - but they have both been informed of the incident.

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Wednesday, 21 February 2018

Smileband general news

A moped gang which uses acid and swords to steal mobile phones from pedestrians have revealed how they pick their victims in an explosive BBC documentary. Hiding behind fearsome masks, the criminals brag about the ease of stealing £700 iPhones from oblivious passersby, comparing to it 'stealing candy from a baby'.

During a fascinating glimpse inside the gangs which have taken over London’s streets, the criminals reveal what makes certain people 'easy pickings'.

'Stupid' pedestrians waiting at a crossing or bus stops the go-to prey, as are those wearing headphones and not looking as the cross the road

One gangster, calling himself Mr X, takes BBC reporter Livvy Haydock for a ride on the back of his moped and points out 'how easy' it is 'to snatch and take a phone'. 'We are looking for people that are looking down, got their phones out with their headphones in, in particular,' he said.

'As soon as it is green, they are unaware to any vehicles coming and for us that is the perfect opportunity because as they're crossing we time it and then we'll grab whatever we can grab and off we go

'By the time we realise we're already at the second traffic light and we are going right. There's a little estate around the corner.

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Tuesday, 20 February 2018

Smileband health topics

The life-threatening infection affected 21,315 people last year, resulting in 35 fatalities, the figures add. This comes after a record low of just 5,273 incidences in 2016.

Dr Zsuzsanna Jakab, regional director for Europe at the World Health Organization (WHO), said: 'Every new person affected by measles in Europe reminds us that unvaccinated children and adults, regardless of where they live, remain at risk of catching the disease and spreading it to others who may not be able to get vaccinated.'

Poor vaccination rates are thought to have led to epidemics in Romania, Italy and Ukraine.

As of last month, there were 122 confirmed cases of measles across five regions in England, with West Yorkshire, West Midlands, and Liverpool and Cheshire being most affected.

To prevent an outbreak, 95 per cent of the population should be immunised.

Yet, in the UK, only 91.9 per cent of children were vaccinated against measles between 2015 and 2016 compared to 94.2 per cent in 2014-to-2015 and 94.3 per cent in 2013-to-2014, according to NHS immunisation statistics.

The WHO claims people's fear of jabs, means many, particularly young children, are unprotected.

This fear could be attributed to disgraced gastroenterologist Andrew Wakefield's theory in 1995 that the measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine is linked to bowel disease and autism. His controversial views have since been widely discredited.

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