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China Unveils Nuclear Battery Capable of Lasting 50 Years
China has announced a major technological breakthrough after researchers revealed a nuclear-powered battery capable of operating for up to 50 years without recharging. The innovation, developed by the Beijing-based company Betavolt, has sparked global interest and debate over the future of long-life power sources.
How the Nuclear Battery Works
Unlike conventional lithium-ion batteries, the new device is a betavoltaic battery, which generates electricity from the radioactive decay of isotopes. In this case, the battery uses Nickel-63, a low-energy radioactive material that emits beta particles. These particles are safely converted into electricity using advanced semiconductor layers.
According to Betavolt, the battery:
• Can operate continuously for up to 50 years
• Requires no maintenance or recharging
• Produces no combustion, no emissions, and minimal heat
• Remains stable in extreme conditions, from freezing cold to high temperatures
Crucially, the company claims the battery is safe, with radiation fully shielded and levels far below what could harm humans. Once the radioactive material decays, it reportedly transforms into stable copper, reducing long-term environmental risk.
Potential Uses and Applications
While the battery’s power output is currently small, its longevity makes it ideal for specialised applications rather than everyday consumer electronics. Experts say the technology could be transformative for:
• Medical devices, such as pacemakers and implants
• Space exploration, including satellites and deep-space probes
• Remote sensors, used in oceans, deserts, and polar regions
• Military and aerospace technology, where battery replacement is impossible
• Internet of Things (IoT) devices requiring decades-long operation
Betavolt has stated that future versions could be scaled up to power smartphones, drones, or other consumer devices, though such applications remain years away.
Why This Matters Globally
The announcement positions China at the forefront of next-generation battery technology, an area dominated until now by lithium-based systems. As the world searches for alternatives amid resource shortages, battery degradation, and environmental concerns, nuclear batteries offer a radically different solution.
However, the technology also raises ethical and regulatory questions, particularly around the use of radioactive materials, international safety standards, and public acceptance.
Skepticism and Next Steps
While scientists acknowledge the promise of betavoltaic batteries, many urge caution. Independent verification, mass-production feasibility, and long-term safety data will be essential before widespread adoption.
Betavolt says it has already begun pilot production and is working with industrial partners to commercialise the technology within the next few years.
A Glimpse Into the Future
If successfully scaled and regulated, China’s 50-year nuclear battery could reshape how the world powers critical devices—ushering in an era where batteries are no longer replaced every few years, but once in a lifetime.
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